Disclosed is a high-speed controller area network (CAN) communication system, which is compatible with a CAN communication system, using passband modulation. The system includes: a high-speed CAN controller configured to provide a standard CAN transmission bit stream and a high-speed CAN transmission bit stream; and a high-speed CAN transmitter configured to synthesize a passband CAN signal obtained by modulating the high-speed CAN transmission bit stream in a passband and a standard CAN signal based on the standard CAN transmission bit stream and to transmit it to a CAN bus.