An elastic adjustable brake pad for use in a train, comprising a brake pad frame (1) provided with a fourth through hole (18), a brake block assembly, and a spiral compression spring (6); the brake block assembly comprises a brake block (16), a rivet (4), a Belleville spring (5), and a rivet sleeve (3), the brake block (16) comprising a friction block (10) and a static sheet steel back (7) fixedly mounted together, the rivet (4) passing through the brake block (16) and being sleeved in turn by the Belleville spring (5) and the rivet sleeve (3); the fourth through hole (18) is a stepped counterbore, and the rivet (4) in the brake block (16) penetrates the fourth through hole (18) and extends outward therefrom, the spiral compression spring (6) being sleeved over the outside of the rivet sleeve (3), and the outer side of one end of the rivet sleeve (3) being provided with a clamping groove clamped to an elastic retainer ring (2), one end of the spiral compression spring (6) abutting a step on which a secondary counterbore (20) is located, and the other end thereof abutting the lower end face of the elastic retainer ring (2); a plurality of anti-rotation pins are arranged between the static sheet steel back (7) and the brake pad frame (1). The present brake pad has the advantages of automatically adjusting the brake clearance, ensuring the friction area at all times, improving brake efficiency, extending service life, and low manufacturing costs.