A method for monitoring and detecting the formation of damage in at least one moving part of a rotary mechanism forming all or part of a kinematic transmission chain of an engine torque, the rotary mechanism equipping an aircraft, the method being implemented by a monitoring and detection system including at least one vibration sensor for measuring accelerations in at least one direction and generating a vibration signal as a function of time, the at least one vibration sensor being secured to a fixed casing of the aircraft and arranged near the rotary mechanism, at least one measuring member for measuring an angular position of the at least one moving part, each moving part including at least one degree of rotational freedom around a rotation axis.