Disclosed are an IQ mismatch compensation method and apparatus for a radio frequency communication system, a compensation device and a communication device. The method comprises: acquiring an interaction result of test signals between a transmitting component and a receiving component; obtaining angle mismatch parameters of a pre-determined type according to the interaction result; determining a frequency domain compensator for performing mismatch compensation on the frequency-dependent angle mismatch parameters according to the following formulae: Y(w)=X(w)−jP(w)*X*(−w) and Y(−w)=X(−w)+jP(w)*X*(w); and performing frequency domain compensation on the frequency-dependent angle mismatch parameters by using the frequency domain compensator. Also disclosed is a computer storage medium.