A system comprising: at least one hardware processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having program code embodied therewith, the program code executable by the at least one hardware processor for: receiving, by a radio frequency (RF) receiver, an RF transmission from an RF transmitter, wherein the RF transmission (a) is modulated in accordance with a specified modulation scheme, and (b) comprises a digital data packet; demodulating the RF transmission to produce a time series of bits that form the digital data packet; and processing the time series of bits to estimate at least one of (i) CFO of the RF transmitter, and (ii) modulation index of the RF transmitter.