A bonded substrate includes a first substrate, a second substrate bonded to the first substrate with adhesive applied to the second substrate, and a checking structure disposed on the first substrate and facing the second substrate. The checking structure includes a bonding surface portion to be adhered to the second substrate with the adhesive and an insufficiency detection surface to detect insufficient adhesion, a height of the insufficiency detection surface being lower than a height of the bonding surface portion. The adhesive does not contact the insufficiency detection surface when an adhesion state of the bonding surface portion to the second substrate with the adhesive is insufficient, and the adhesive contacts the insufficiency detection surface when the adhesion state of the bonding surface portion to the second substrate with the adhesive is sufficient.