The present invention provides an optical method for predicting treatment response, survival and recurrence of esophageal cancer patients, comprising analyzing the spectral signatures of patient's tumor tissue spectra. By the features of the present invention, the prediction result achieves the sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 73.3% in concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) response; the survival prediction rate achieves the sensitivity of 100%; the recurrence prediction rate achieves the sensitivity of 85.7%.