A light-emitting storage device and a light-emitting control method are provided. The device includes a storage device controller, a processor, and at least one light-emitting unit. The storage device controller is electrically connected to a host through a host controller interface for controlling the access of the light-emitting storage device. The processor is electrically connected to the storage device controller to connect to the host. The at least one light-emitting unit is electrically connected to the processor. When the host transmits a control signal to the storage device controller through the host controller interface and the control signal is judged as a signal for controlling the at least one light-emitting unit by the storage device controller, the storage device controller transmits the control signal to the processor to control a light-emitting mode of the at least one light-emitting unit.