An electronic device according to various embodiments may include: a wireless communication circuit configured to support short-range communication; a wireless charging circuit configured to support wireless charging; at least one processor electrically connected to the wireless communication circuit and the wireless charging circuit; and a memory electronically connected to the at least one processor. The memory is configured to store instructions that when executed by the at least one processor cause the electronic device to perform operations comprising: identifying an area in which the electronic device is located, based on at least one of a second signal for communicating with an external electronic device via the wireless communication circuit when the external electronic device is located in a second area, a first signal for communicating with the external electronic device via the wireless charging circuit when the external electronic device is located in a first area within the second area, and a combination of at least a part of the first signal and the second signal; identifying an operation mode corresponding to the area; and controlling operation of the electronic device, based on the identified operation mode.