A cooktop appliance is provided herein. The cooktop appliance may include a ceramic plate, an electric heating element, a temperature sensor, and a thermal conduction strip. The electric heating element may be positioned below the ceramic plate. The electric heating element may define a horizontal length from a center point projected on the ceramic plate. The temperature sensor may be positioned between the ceramic plate and the electric heating element relative to a vertical direction. The temperature sensor may be spaced apart from the ceramic plate and the electric heating element. The thermal-conduction strip may be attached to the temperature sensor. The thermal-conduction strip may extend in contact with a bottom surface of the ceramic plate between an inner tip proximal to the center point and an outer tip distal to the center point.