A traveling control system for a vehicle includes a first sprung structure acceleration sensor, a second sprung structure acceleration sensor, a third sprung structure acceleration sensor, a fourth sprung structure acceleration sensor, and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to calculate a vertical acceleration, a roll acceleration, and a pitch acceleration at a gravity center position, calculate vertical accelerations of a sprung structure at positions of a front right wheel, a front left wheel, a rear right wheel, and a rear left wheel, and control traveling of the vehicle based on the vertical accelerations of the sprung structure at the positions of the front right wheel, the front left wheel, the rear right wheel, and the rear left wheel.