Provided are methods (400) of estimating a time delay and/or a frequency shift of a reference signal. Such methods include receiving (405) a first reference signal that is generated using a first Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence, receiving (410) a second reference signal that is generated using a second ZC sequence that is different than the first ZC sequence, and processing (415) the first reference signal and the second reference signal to estimate at least one of the time delay and the frequency shift of the first reference signal and/or the second reference signal.