Surface-treated copper foils that exhibit a material volume (Vm) in a range of 0.05 to 0.6 μm3/μm2 and a yellowness index (YI) in a range of 17 to 52 are reported. Where the surface-treated copper foil is treated on the deposited side and includes a treatment layer comprising a nodule layer. Such surface-treated copper foils can be used as a conductive material having low transmission loss, for example in circuit boards.