Provided are an HARQ operation procedure and control method between a terminal and a base station. In the method, the terminal receives HARQ feedback bundling control information from the base station through RRC signaling and downlink control information (DCI), bundles HARQ feedbacks in response to reception results of one or more pieces of downlink data according to the HARQ feedback bundling control information, and transmits the bundled HARQ feedbacks. The base station extracts effective information from the HARQ feedback information on the basis of transmission subframe information and checks whether the terminal receives the downlink data, thereby enabling the terminal to transmit the HARQ feedbacks while minimizing uplink resources, and the base station to perform an HARQ operation by checking whether downlink data in each subframe has been successfully transmitted.