A data storage system can employ one or more data storage modules that each have multiple constituent data storage devices. A plurality of data storage devices can be connected to a control board within a single housing with the control board having a number of SATA outputs connected to each of the plurality of data storage devices. The number of SATA outputs may be less than a total number of data storage devices in the plurality of data storage devices. Each SATA output can be connected to a separate first-tier port multiplier that has circuitry to split a single set of SATA signals into multiple duplicate sets of SATA signals.