An object of the present invention is to provide a two-part urethane-based adhesive composition that exhibits excellent adhesion to a base material without using a primer. A two-part urethane-based adhesive composition according to the present invention contains: a main agent that contains a urethane prepolymer having an isocyanate group; and a curing agent that contains a compound having two or more active hydrogen-containing groups in each molecule. One or both of the main agent and the curing agent contain a (meth)acrylamide compound.