An exemplary depth imaging device includes an optical sensor having an optical axis, a lens positioned to focus light from a scene onto the optical sensor, a matrix of variable-phase optical elements that are dimensioned to introduce different phase delays into a wavefront of the light, and a housing that secures the matrix between the optical sensor and the lens. The device further includes a communication bus coupled to a processing subsystem that directs the optical sensor to capture at least two different perspectives of the scene to create an output image indicating depth within the scene. The device includes a positioning system that couples an optical component of the device to the housing. The optical component may include at least one of the lens, the optical sensor, or the matrix. Other related systems and methods are also provided.