A tool-less quick assembly and disassembly device for a hard disk module, including a mounting rack, a hard disk accommodation cavity being provided on the mounting rack, a multilayer hard disk support structure being provided on the mounting rack inside the hard disk accommodation cavity, and a baffle being provided on the mounting rack at a position corresponding to each layer of the hard disk support structure, the baffle being provided at the end part of one end of the mounting rack, and the other end of the mounting rack being an opening end; elastic positioning mechanisms are provided on both sides of the mounting rack; elastic clamping mechanisms are provided at the bottom of the mounting rack. The invention can enable multiple hard disks to be completely assembled and disassembled without tools, has a simple structure, is easy to assemble and disassemble.