Provided is a surface-treating solution composition, a zinc-based plated steel sheet surface-treated using the same, and a method for producing the same, wherein the surface-treatment solution composition includes: 10 wt % to 20 wt % of a trivalent chromium compound containing chromium phosphate (A) and chromium nitrate (B), the content ratio thereof, A/(A+B), satisfying 0.3 to 0.6; 20 wt % to 40 wt % of a silane-based sol-gel resin in which three types of silane compounds are crosslinked; 0.2 wt % to 0.4 wt % of a rust-inhibiting and corrosion-resistant agent; 0.1 wt % to 0.3 wt % of a molybdenum-based compound; 5 wt % to 10 wt % of a water-soluble cationic urethane resin; 0.5 wt % to 2.0 wt % of a silane coupling agent; 0.5 wt % to 2.0 wt % of an Al compound; and 25.3 wt % to 63.7 wt % of water. The zinc-based plated steel sheet surface-treated with the surface-treatment solution composition containing trivalent chromium has an excellent effect on corrosion resistance, blackening resistance, fingerprint resistance, piping oil infiltration, and alkali resistance.