The present disclosure provides a method for constructing a three-dimensional solid model with a geometric error and a computer-readable storage medium. The method includes: S10: obtaining an ideal geometric solid model of a component; S20: constructing a geometric error model for a surface of the component by use of geometric error data of the surface of the component; and S30: replacing a corresponding surface in the ideal geometric solid model with the geometric error model to obtain a three-dimensional solid model with a geometric error. The method for constructing a three-dimensional solid model provided by examples of the present disclosure integrates a geometric error of a component with a CAD model, so as to obtain a three-dimensional solid model with a geometric error, which describes a regular appearance characteristic of a real surface of the component macroscopically, and also reflects an irregular geometric error shape characteristic of the surface of the component microscopically.