Provided are a radio transmission apparatus, a radio receiving apparatus, a radio communication system, and a communication method that make it possible for the radio transmission apparatus performing OFDMA transmission to highly efficiently determine a radio receiving apparatus that is caused to participate in the OFDMA transmission. The radio transmission apparatus that performs OFDMA transmission with a plurality of radio receiving apparatuses includes a reception unit that has a function of performing carrier sense and a function of receiving a function information response frame including function response information indicating that a function of performing the OFDMA transmission is included, and a transmission unit that has a function of switching whether or not to transmit a frame to at least one of the plurality of radio receiving apparatuses on a basis of the carrier sense.