The present disclosure discloses a vacuum adsorption unit and a vacuum adsorption carrier, wherein the vacuum adsorption unit comprises: a housing defining an air path through-hole therein, the air path through-hole provided with an upper abutting surface and a lower abutting surface; a piston movable provided in the air path through-hole and is located between the upper abutting surface and the lower abutting surface; an outer peripheral wall of the piston is slidably matched with an inner peripheral wall of the air path through-hole; an elastic member having both ends that respectively abut against the housing and the piston, to constantly drive the piston to abut on the upper abutting surface; and a pressure relief passage communicated with the air path through-hole, and is configured to be closed only when the piston moves to abut against the lower abutting surface.