Repeated signals for narrowband internet of things (NB-IoT) and machine type communication (MTC) may be transmitted using various non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) techniques. A user equipment (UE) may generate a set of modulated symbols associated with the data stream, spread the set of symbols using a spreading factor, and may subsequently apply a scrambling sequence to the set of symbols. The spread and scrambled symbols may be transmitted as a time domain waveform that includes one or more repetitions of a transmission time interval (TTI) or a resource unit (RU). Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform rate matching and apply the scrambling sequence to achieve the repetitions of the TTIs or RUs. In some cases, the UE may transmit a set of orthogonal pilot signals with the repetitions of the TTIs or RUs, where the pilot signals include different cyclically shifted versions of a base pilot signal.