A ship detection method and system based on multidimensional scene features, wherein the method includes: constructing a ship image sample database, and extracting all the edges of each frame of image to act as a fourth dimension of the image; extracting a coastline to make a sea surface area be a ship area; constructing a Faster RCNN-like convolutional network to act as a deep learning network, and inputting sample data into the deep learning network; constructing an RPN network, using a sliding window to generate region proposal boxes of different sizes in the ship area, combining the region proposal boxes with the deep learning network, and training a model according to an actual position of a ship; and performing ship detection on a part of the detected image between the coastline on the basis of the trained model.