Unmanned aerial inspection systems and associated methods. In one embodiment, an aerial platform (e.g., an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)) navigates to a location of a geographic region, and captures a digital image of the geographic region with an imaging device. The aerial platform segments the digital image into superpixels, selects a region of interest from the digital image to define one or more patches associated with the superpixels, assigns terrain texture categories to the patches, and assigns the terrain texture categories to the superpixels based on the terrain texture categories of the patches to generate a texture classified representation of the digital image. The aerial platform determines whether a site contamination is present at the geographic region based on the texture classified representation of the digital image, and reports an alert upon identifying that the site contamination is present.