The present invention provides a method for three-dimensional reconstruction of fascicular structure of human peripheral nerve, which comprises the steps of: obtaining human peripheral nerve and preparing a peripheral nerve sample; immersing the peripheral nerve sample into a liquid; setting scan parameters of Micro-MRI, scanning the peripheral nerve sample by Micro-MRI, to acquire image data of the peripheral nerve sample in the liquid environment; and three-dimensional reconstructing a structural model of the peripheral nerve sample based on the image data. By means of the method according to the present invention, high-quality scanned images are obtained without destroying the morphology and physical and chemical properties of peripheral nerve, so as to obtain a precise three-dimensional visualization model of peripheral nerve fascicle.