A medical image modeling system and a medical image modeling method are provided. The medical image modeling system includes an input device, a processing device, and a storage device. The input device obtains medical image data. The processing device is coupled to the input device. The processing device converts the medical image data into a bone model in response to a first operational command. The storage device is coupled to the processing device. The storage device stores a model database. The processing device reads the model database in response to a second operational command to obtain a bone reconstruction block corresponding to a defect block of the bone model. The processing device integrates a bone reconstruction model depicted corresponding to the bone reconstruction block into the defect block of the bone model to generate an integrated bone model.