A pressurized carbonation reaction apparatus and method thereof are provided. The apparatus comprises: an atomizing gas tank, a plurality of compressors, a plurality of buffer tanks, a plurality of pre-heaters, a pressurized liquid tank, a nozzle, a raw material tank, a carbon dioxide tank, a high-pressure reactor, a raw product tank, a feed pump, a plurality of pressure display gauges, a plurality of temperature controllers with display gauges and a plurality of back pressure valves. The method comprises: dissolving a solid material in a solvent, and storing a resulting liquid material in the raw material tank; introducing gas in the carbon dioxide tank to the high-pressure reactor, controlling temperatures of the high-pressure reactor and the pressurized liquid tank, and pumping, by the feed pump, the liquid material into the pressurized liquid tank to ensure a pressure difference between the pressurized liquid tank and the high-pressure reactor; opening a second check valve, and ensuring that the liquid material reacts with a carbon dioxide atmosphere in the high-pressure reactor after being atomized via the nozzle under a stable pressure difference between the high-pressure reactor and the pressurized liquid tank; and ensuring that when the liquid material in the high-pressure reactor is at a corresponding liquid level, a fifth check valve is opened and discharge continues to obtain a reaction product.