Embodiments of this application provide a wake-up frame transmission method and devices. The method includes: determining, by a first device, an enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) parameter set of a wake-up frame, where the wake-up frame is used to wake up one or more second devices to receive a data frame; determining, by the first device based on the EDCA parameter set of the wake-up frame, whether a channel resource is in an idle state; and sending, by the first device, the wake-up frame to the second device when the channel resource is in the idle state. In the embodiments of this application, the first device can perform channel resource contention based on the EDCA parameter set corresponding to the wake-up frame, so that a service of a high priority can be obtained by transmitting a wake-up frame of a high priority, thereby improving QoS performance of the wake-up frame.