An optical fiber production method includes: drawing an optical fiber from an optical fiber preform; and cooling the optical fiber. When in the cooling process, the optical fiber is passed through a plurality of annealing furnaces and Equation (1) is held. A time constant of relaxation of a structure of glass forming a core in the optical fiber is τ(Tn). A temperature of the optical fiber at a point in time when the optical fiber is delivered into an nth annealing furnace from an upstream side is Tn. A fictive temperature of glass forming the core at the point in time when the optical fiber is delivered is Tfn. A fictive temperature of glass forming the core after a lapse of time Δt from the point in time when the optical fiber is delivered is Tf. 20° C.