A drilling system can include a downhole assembly with a liner hanger, a liner running tool, a lower wellbore liner, a cementing module, and a drilling tool. The drilling system can provide a single-trip procedure that enables a well operator to drill the wellbore while simultaneously running in a wellbore liner and subsequently cement the annulus around the lower wellbore liner. Once the cement is deposited, a liner hanger can be actuated and a liner running tool released to enable the remaining portions of the downhole assembly to be pulled out of hole while leaving the lower wellbore liner cemented in place.