Three-dimensional inverted-F antenna (3D-IFA) includes a coupling section that is configured to electrically connect to a ground plane through a short point and electrically connect to a communication line through a feed point. The coupling section extends along a section plane that intersects the short point and the feed point. The coupling section extends away from the short and feed points along the Z-axis. The 3D-IFA element also includes an antenna arm that extends lengthwise from the coupling section along an XY plane. The antenna arm follows an arm path along the XY plane as the antenna arm extends from the coupling section to a distal edge of the antenna arm. The arm path is non-linear along the XY plane, wherein at least a portion of the arm path extends away from the section plane.