A multi-stage planetary roller power transmission device includes a high-speed power transmission mechanism including a first sun shaft, a first fixed ring, first planetary rollers disposed between the first sun shaft and the first fixed ring with a first negative clearance, first support shafts, and an annular first carrier into which the first support shafts are press-fitted; and a low-speed power transmission mechanism including a second sun shaft, a second fixed ring, second planetary rollers disposed between the second sun shaft and the second fixed ring with a second negative clearance, second support shafts, and an annular second carrier into which the second support shafts are press-fitted. A clearance amount of the first negative clearance and a clearance amount of the second negative clearance are equal to each other, and the number of the first planetary rollers is smaller than the number of the second planetary rollers.