Solid state transducers with state detection, and associated systems and methods are disclosed. A solid state transducer system may include a support substrate that carries a solid state emitter and a state device. The solid state emitter and the state device may be stacked along a common axis. Further, the state device may be positioned to detect a state of the solid state emitter and/or an electrical path of which the solid state emitter forms a part. The solid state emitter may include a first semiconductor component, a second semiconductor component, and an active region between the first and second semiconductor components. The state device may include a state-sensing component having a composition different than that of the active region and the first and second semiconductor components. In some embodiments, the state-sensing component may include an electrostatic discharge protection device, a thermal sensor, a photosensor, or a combination thereof.