A sound measurement system intended to be installed on a motor vehicle, the system comprising: a microphone, an element for supporting the microphone, mechanical means for protecting the microphone against various projections (water, dust, etc.) from the environment of the vehicle, and mechanical means for protecting the microphone from airborne noise originating from the routing of the sound wave between the source and the measurement (cavity noise) and from the environment of the measuring system (turbulence around the measuring device), the various mechanical protection means being separate or combined. A motor vehicle may be provided with such a system.