A luminance compensation method for a display panel includes: dividing the display area into at least two sub-display areas including a first sub-display area and a second sub-display area, where a density of luminance abnormal textures in the first sub-display area is smaller than that in the second sub-display area, a number of types of the luminance abnormal textures in the first sub-display area is less than that in the second sub-display area; dividing the first sub-display area into a plurality of first compensation units, dividing the second sub-display area into at least one second compensation unit, where a total number of pixel units in each first compensation unit is greater than that in each second compensation unit; obtaining a compensation coefficient of each compensation unit and forming a compensation coefficient table; performing luminance compensation for the display panel according to the compensation coefficient table.