A vibration dampening system for a work vehicle may include a cab frame having a plurality of structural frame members, with the structural frame members including a first frame member extending along a first side of the cab frame and a second frame member extending along a second side of the cab frame. The second side is opposite the first side. In addition, the system may include a vibration damper coupled between the first and second frame members. The vibration damper may extend lengthwise between a first end coupled to the first frame member and a second end coupled to the second frame member. The vibration damper is configured to reduce an amount of vibrations being transmitted through the cab frame.