An optical element includes a primary electrode, a secondary electrode overlapping at least a portion of the primary electrode, and an electroactive layer disposed between and abutting the primary electrode and the secondary electrode. The optical element is configured to have a first optical transmittance and a first optical reflectance when a first voltage is applied between the primary electrode and the secondary electrode, and at least one of a second optical transmittance different from the first optical transmittance or a second optical reflectance different from the first optical reflectance when a second voltage different from the first voltage is applied between the primary electrode and the secondary electrode.