The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a polycaprolactone nanostructure with improved cell adhesive ability containing fucoidan according to the present invention comprises dissolving fucoidan in glacial acetic acid as a solvent to obtain fucoidan-glacial acetic acid solution, mixing polycaprolactone with the fucoidan-glacial acetic acid solution to obtain a polycaprolactone-mixed solution, and manufacturing a nanostructure from the polycaprolactone-mixed solution by an electrospinning method. Therefore, a polycaprolactone nanostructure with improved cell adhesive ability containing fucoidan manufactured by the method according to the present invention exhibits characteristics of preventing fucoidan from being released from nanofibers by uniformly distributing fucoidan in the polycaprolactone nanostructure. Accordingly, the fucoidan-containing polycaprolactone nanostructure exhibits an effect capable of controlling cell activity while culturing adhered cells by facilitating adhesion of various types of cells.