A power transmission belt includes: a belt body and a cover fabric made of a fabric containing synthetic fibers as a main component and covering a surface of the belt body toward a pulley contact surface. The cover fabric has a surface toward the belt body, and the surface is in contact with a rubber composition containing cellulose-based short fibers. The rubber composition includes a rubber component in which the cellulose-based short fibers are dispersed. The cover fabric and the rubber composition containing the cellulose-based short fibers are exposed on a pulley contact surface.