A reflectometry system includes at least one measurement means for measuring a reference signal retro-propagated in at least one transmission line, at least one analog-digital converter for converting at least one measured signal into a set of at least one first digital signal and one second digital signal, at least one complex correlator configured to correlate the real reference signal with a complex signal whose real part is formed by a first digital signal of the set and whose imaginary part is formed by a second digital signal of the set, so as to produce a first reflectogram corresponding to the real part of the complex signal and a second reflectogram corresponding to the imaginary part of the complex signal, an analysis module for analyzing at least the first reflectogram and the second reflectogram so as to identify the presence of defects in at least one transmission line.