The present disclosure discloses a method for identifying ice crystal fabric and distribution characteristics of ice flow field in ice sheet based on polarimetric radar. Because there is a correlation between the second-order fabric azimuth tensor and the dielectric constant tensor of the ice crystals inside the ice sheet, the present disclosure obtains the dielectric constant tensor of each reflection layer inside the ice sheet and its rotation angle from the polarimetric radar echo signal by the layer-by-layer recursive method, and then calculates to obtain the characteristic value of the second-order fabric orientation tensor and identifies its fabric type. After that, according to the correlation among the fabric, stress deformation and the ice flow to extract the information of ice flow direction and its spatial distribution characteristics.