Systems and methods are provided for navigating a host vehicle. In some embodiments, the system may include at least one processing device programmed to: receive at least one image representative of an environment of the host vehicle; determine a navigational action of the host vehicle; analyze the at least one image to identify a target vehicle in the environment of the host vehicle; determine a next-state distance between the host vehicle and the target vehicle that would result if the navigational action was taken; determine a maximum braking capability of the host vehicle, a maximum acceleration capability of the host vehicle, and a speed of the host vehicle; determine a stopping distance for the host vehicle; determine a speed of the target vehicle; and implement the navigational action if the determined stopping distance for the host vehicle is less than the next-state distance summed with a target vehicle travel distance.