The present specification relates to a system and a method for preventing overheating of an axle in a construction equipment. A system for preventing overheating of an axle in a construction equipment is mounted in the construction equipment and transmits driving power of an engine to a wheel, and the system includes: a brake pedal; a brake sensor which detects displacement of the brake pedal when the brake pedal is manipulated by an operator; an exhaust brake which is mounted in the engine and operates and controls an opening degree of an exhaust gas discharge passageway of the engine; and a control unit which adjusts the opening degree of the exhaust gas discharge passageway by controlling the exhaust brake corresponding to the displacement of the brake pedal when manipulation of the brake pedal is detected by the brake sensor.