A data transmission method and device for a front-haul transport network include: determining a configuration parameter of a logical channel for transmitting data, the configuration parameter including: the type of the logical channel; different logical channels have different transmission latency and/or different physical transmission resource utilization rates; according to the configuration parameter, mapping the logical channel onto one or more unit frames of a superframe, each unit frame having a preset corresponding relationship with a physical transmission resource; and according to the type of the logical channel mapped by the unit frame, transmitting data carried by the unit frame.