A method and device for two-step random accessing. The method includes transmitting a random access preamble and a data block on a time-frequency resource to a network device; and receiving a response message for the random accessing from the network device. The data block is encoded with an orthogonal cover code and/or a cyclic shift, and the data block comprises data information and a reference signal associated with the data information. Therefore, resource efficiency is improved significantly for an associated data message following a random access preamble with endurable minor performance degradation.