Disclosed herein is an identifier based communication system including: a common communication path; a center station having a center station communication module and a center station controller connected to the center station communication module and connected to the common communication path through the center station communication module; and a plurality of distribution stations each including a distribution station communication module connected to the common communication path, a distribution station controller connected to the distribution station communication module, and a distribution station memory connected to the distribution station controller and storing a determined identifier value of the distribution station, wherein the center station controller transmits an identifier setting mode command including a center transmission preliminary identifier value to the distribution stations following an identifier setting request input from the outside; each of the distribution stations includes a distribution station display displaying information on the identifier value and an identifier selection key operated to select the preliminary identifier value displayed on the distribution station display as the determined identifier value of the distribution station; and wherein in a state where either a next preliminary identifier value of the setting mode or the center transmission preliminary identifier value is displayed on a corresponding distribution station display of each distribution, when a corresponding identifier selection key of each distribution station is operated to be on, the distribution station controller stores the preliminary identifier value displayed on the corresponding distribution station display in a corresponding distribution station memory of the distribution station as a determined identifier value of the setting mode of the distribution station, the distribution station controller displays the corresponding determined identifier of the setting mode on the corresponding distribution station display in a form different from the preliminary identifier value of the setting mode, the distribution station controller stores the corresponding determined identifier of the setting mode in the corresponding distribution station memory, and then transmits to other distribution station, a next preliminary identifier value of the setting mode, which is a value increased by the number N (positive integer) from the corresponding determined identifier value of the setting mode, the distribution station controller displays the center transmission preliminary identifier value received from the center station on the corresponding distribution station display after receiving the identifier setting mode command from the center station and until the distribution station controller receives the next preliminary identifier value of the setting mode from the other distribution station, and the distribution station controller sequentially displays the next preliminary identifier value of the setting mode received from the other distribution station on the corresponding distribution station display before the corresponding determined identifier of the setting mode is stored in the corresponding distribution station memory. In this manner, the identifier (ID) based communication system in the disclosure allows the user to easily select the determined identifier value of the distribution station as needed, has a simple configuration of the common communication path, and allows the user to easily visually confirm the determined identifier value of each distribution station.