Disclosed are a method of producing an aluminate fluorescent material, such an aluminate fluorescent material, and a light emitting device. The aluminate fluorescent material production method includes: subjecting a first mixture prepared by mixing a compound containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca, and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound containing Mn and a compound containing Eu, and a compound containing Al, in which a compound containing Mg may be optionally mixed, to first heat treatment to give a first calcined product having an average particle diameter D1, as measured according to a Fisher Sub-Sieve Sizer method, of 6 μm or more; and subjecting a second mixture prepared by mixing a compound containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound containing Mn and a compound containing Eu, and a compound containing Al, and the first calcined product whose content is 10% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less relative to the total amount of the second mixture, in which a compound containing Mg may be optionally mixed, to second heat treatment to give a second calcined product.