A pretreatment device for food safety detection, including: a base; a vortex oscillator disposed on the base; and a container holding mechanism disposed on the base and configured to hold a container such that the container is positioned above the vortex oscillator, wherein the vortex oscillator is configured to cooperate with the container holding mechanism to treat materials contained in the container. The present disclosure further provides a pretreatment method for food safety detection. By means of the pretreatment device and the pretreatment method according to the present disclosure, it can perform pretreatment work of food safety detection efficiently and simply, and save labor costs.