Provided are a pattern formation method and a method for manufacturing a polarizing plate using the pattern formation method, the pattern formation method having: a step for forming, on a substrate, a linear guide pattern which is arranged at a predetermined pitch and is compatible with a portion of block chains of a block copolymer, and a neutral pattern embedded in the pattern of the guide pattern; a step for forming a layer including a block copolymer on the guide pattern and the neutral pattern; a step for heat-treating the layer including the block copolymer and forming a lamellar structure in which lamellar boundaries are arranged perpendicular to the substrate by microphase separation of the block copolymer; and a step for selectively removing a portion of the block chains of the block copolymer and thereby forming a line-and-space-shaped fine pattern having a smaller pitch than the guide pattern.